Table 1 Overview of the expression and localization of PD-L1/PD-1 pathway in pain model
From: PD-L1/PD-1 pathway: a potential neuroimmune target for pain relief
Disease Model | Expression | Cellular localization | Regulated cell subset | References | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PD-L1 | PD-1 | |||||
Inflammatory pain | CFA-induced(mice) | spinal dorsal horn | neurons | neurons | / | [33] |
DRG, spinal nerve axons, spinal axon terminals | neurons | neurons | microglia | [32] | ||
CFA-induced(rat) | DRG | neurons | neurons | / | [34] | |
Formalin- induced(mice) | DRG spinal cord | neurons | neurons | / | [19] | |
Neuropathic pain | CCI-induced(mice) | sciatic nerves | macrophages | / | T cells and macrophages | [18] |
Chemotherapeutic-induced (mice) | DRG, peripheral nervous tissue | macrophages | primary sensory neurons | / | [16] | |
DRG spinal cord | neurons | neurons, microglia, astrocytes | macrophage, T-cell | [89] | ||
SCI-induced(mice) | spinal cord | astrocytes macrophages/microglia | macrophages/microglia | macrophages/microglia | [81] | |
spinal cord | neurons, macrophages/microglia, astrocyte, endothelial cell, oligodendroglia | / | macrophages and microglia | [17] | ||
spinal cord | microglia | microglia | microglia | [90] | ||
spinal cord | macrophages, microglia, B cells, neutrophils, and γб T cells | Tregs | Tregs | [95] | ||
SNI-induced (mice) | tibial and peroneal nerve, DRG | / | / | macrophages and T cells | [49] | |
DRG, spinal nerve axons, spinal axon terminals | neurons | neurons | Microglia | [32] | ||
spinal cord | microglia | / | microglia | [52] | ||
retrovirus infection-induced (mice) | lumbar spinal cord, DRG | / | / | CD4+ and CD8+T cells Microglia macrophages | [50] | |
postherpetic neuralgia | Varicella-zoster virus -induced(patients) | peripheral blood mononuclear cells | CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells | CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells | CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells | |
Cancer pain | Bone cancer(mice) | tumor-bearing BM | tumor cells | macrophages and monocytes | / | [51] |
DRG | neurons | neurons | / | [35] | ||
DRG spinal cord | neurons | neurons | microglia | [32] | ||
Melanoma(mice) | DRG spinal cord | neurons | neurons | / | [19] | |
Non-small cell lung cancer(mice) | cancer tissue | A549 and H1299 cells | Tumor cells | CTL, CD8+ T cells | [55] | |
/(patients) | peripheral blood | T cells | T cells | T cells | [59] | |
others | Migraine-like pain(mice) | trigeminal ganglia | TG neurons | TG neurons | / | [47] |
Capsaicin-evoked (mice and patients) | DRG | neurons | neurons | / | [36] | |
Pregnancy-Induced Pain(mice) | spinal cord | / | / | / | [54] | |