Table 1 Summary of changed microorganisms during different treatments in acne
From: The updates and implications of cutaneous microbiota in acne
Types of treatments | Disease status or severity | Study outcomes | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|
Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) | Teenagers with acne (aged 7–10 years) or preadolescent acne patients | The number and diversity of bacterial species decreased after BPO treatment, with the microbiome of treatment group more closely resembled those without acne. However, BPO treatment may damage the epidermal barrier in acne, which could be considered as side effect | |
Systemic antibiotic treatment | Moderate to severe | Oral minocycline administration improved the clinical outcomes, reduced C. acnes colonization, with variable changes in other specific bacterial populations. Meanwhile, the skin microbiota was enriched in probiotics following treatment | |
After doxycycline treatment, decreased clinical acne grades associated with reduced C. acnes abundance were observed. Additionally, doxycycline increased bacterial alpha-diversity in acne | [33] | ||
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) | Severe acne | ALA-PDT treatment led to clinical improvements. Meanwhile, ALA-PDT treatment increased the diversity of skin microbiome, with decreased C. acnes abundance in severe acne | |
Retinoid | NA | Retinoid treatment improved the clinical acne grades, increased the alpha-diversity, and reduced the abundance of Propionibacterium, whereas increased the abundance of several other taxa, when compared with controls | [47] |
Supramolecular salicylic acid (SSA) | Moderate-to-severe | The 30% SSA peels improved GAGS scores and skin barrier indicators, while decreased richness and evenness of cutaneous microbiome in acne patients | [49] |
The 2% SSA treatment increased the clinical outcomes, as well as the α- and β-diversity index in acne patients. Specifically, the relative abundance of Staphylococcus, Ralstonia, and Streptococcus was significantly decreased by 2% SSA treatment, with overall bacteria genera distribution tends toward the healthy status | [50] | ||
Myrtacine® | Global Acne Severity Scale, GEA grades 2–3 | The Myrtacine®-based cream improved acne lesions and reduced the level of erythromycin resistance C. acnes in acne patients, without changing the total C. acnes load | [52] |