Fig. 5

Immunofluorescence of the upstream PV. A Representative images from the sham and PVS groups. White arrows indicate the smooth muscle layer; α-SMA (red), cTnT (green), DAPI (blue). a–h represent the α-SMA and c-TnT staining of the upstream PV of sham and PVS rats in the transverse direction. i–p represent the α-SMA and c-TnT staining of the upstream PV of sham and PVS rats in the longitudinal direction. B Quantification of α-SMA intensity; n = 30 slides from 6 samples. C Quantification of cTnT intensity; n = 30 slides from 6 rats. D Representative WGA and c-TnT staining of PVs and the local magnification. WGA (green); c-TnT (red); DAPI (blue). The white dashed rectangle shows the original region of the magnification. E Quantification of the cross-sectional area (CSA) of cardiomyocytes, n = 25 slides from five rats