Fig. 2
The CSF microbial diversity analysis of patients with IE compared to patients with AE. A The principal coordinate analysis plot showing the grouping of samples based on the differences in beta-diversity of CSF microbiome. B The beta-diversity analysis of CSF microbiome, including Bray–Curtis distance, jaccard distance and jsd distance. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed to assess the statistical significance. C The alpha-diversity analysis of CSF microbiome, including ACE, Shannon and Simpson index. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed to assess the statistical significance. D The volcano plot of differentially abundant microbes between the two groups. The significantly differentially abundant microbes are highlighted in red (upregulated microbes in IE) or green (down-regulated microbes in IE). The unsignificant differentially abundant microbes are marked in grey. The top (ranked by adjusted p) differentially abundant microbes are labeled. E The heatmap of differential abundances of the top 15 (ranked by log2FoldChange, adjusted p < 0.01) significantly upregulated and downregulated genera across all the samples