The emerging studies on mesenchymal progenitors in the long bone

Cell & Bioscience

Table 3 MP population in long bones in response to injury

Sources of MPs in response to repair	Marker	Function	References
Periosteum	Gli1⁺	The repair of bicortical fractures	[109]
Periosteum	Mx1⁺αSMA⁺	The formation of new periosteum	[20, 81, 82, 108]
Periosteum	Sox9⁺	Migrating toward fracture site as early response	[112]
Periosteum	CTSK⁺THY⁻6C3⁻CD49^lowCD51^low CD200⁺CD105⁻	Providing chondrocytes for fracture callus	[16]
Bone marrow	LepR⁺Adipoq⁺	The repair of drill-hole injuries	[109]
Bone marrow	CD45⁺TER119⁻Tie⁻AlphaV⁺Thy⁻6C3⁻CD105⁺	Expanding shortly after injury before formation	[6]
Bone marrow	Cxcl12⁺	The regeneration of cortical bone	[64]
Bone marrow	Gli1⁺	The formation of bone and cartilage after fractures	[79]
Bone marrow	LepR⁺	The formation of soft callus	[8]
Bone marrow	Grem1⁺	Differentiating into osteochondral fracture callus	[7]
Bone marrow and periosteum	αSMA⁺	The formation of fracture callus	[39, 111]
Perivascularization of the periosteum and endosteum	Prx1⁺	Contributing to the callus	[116]
Endosteum	CXCL12⁺BMP2⁺	Transfering to pericytes-osteoblasts-osteocytes fate to form new bone	[117]

ISSN: 2045-3701