Factor | Description | Biological function | Molecular functions | Alteration in OAD | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PLCζ | The smallest sperm-specific PLC, consist in four EF hand domains, a C2 domains, and a catalytic X and Y core domain, located in the equatorial segment and PAS-PT region. Sensitive to environmental Ca+ 2 concentrations | Triggers intracellular Ca2+oscillations in oocytes during M phase and is involved in inducing oocyte activation via IP3. May exert an inhibitory effect on PLC-coupled processes that depend on Ca+ 2 and PKC, including CFTR trafficking and function | Ca+ 2 binding, IP3 binding, PIP2 binding, phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate binding, phospholipase activity | Deficiencies, abnormal localization, activity/expression, or genetic mutations in PLCζ have been linked ICSI failure or infertile men Point mutations in the PLCζ gene have been identified a globozoospermic and non-globozoospermic infertile patient resulting in a deficiency of oocytes activation | |
PAWP | A PAS-PT WW domain-binding protein located in the post-acrosomal sheath of the sperm | May play a role in meiotic resumption and pronuclear formation during fertilization | Chromatin DNA binding, transcription coactivator activity, WW domain binding | In has been associated, via immunohistochemistry, the level of PAWP and sperm quality and fertilizing ability It has been proposed that when the PPXY region of PAWP is blocked, the oocyte activation failed |