Table 1 Summary of voltage-gated sodium channel distribution and the related channelopathy

Nav1.1

Large diameter DRG, myelinated A-fibers, inhibitory neurons

N/A

Increase [42, 52, 75]

N/A

Epilepsies, hemiplegic migraine and autistic spectrum

Nav1.2

CNS (dendrites and axons), excitatory neurons

N/A

Increase [75]

N/A

Epilepsies, intellectual disability and autism

Nav1.3

Fetal and neonatal DRG neurons, C-fibers

Increase [62, 66,67,68]

Increase [52, 66, 69,70,71,72,73,74]

No change [13, 75, 76]

No change (lytic and latent) [13, 122]

N/A

Nav1.4

Skeletal muscle

N/A

N/A

N/A

Muscle paralysis episodes, myotonia episodes, infants apnoea, hypoxia, cyanosis or SIDS

Nav1.5

Cardiac tissue

N/A

N/A

N/A

Cardiac arrhythmias

Nav1.6

Large diameter DRG, myelinated A-fibers (Node of Ranvier)

Increase [90, 91]

No change [86, 88]

Increase [75, 90, 91]

Increase (latent) [122]

EIEE, epilepsy

Nav1.7

Small diameter DRG

Increase [62, 102,103,104,105]

Increase [52, 66, 74, 107, 108]

Decrease [37, 73]

Increase (latent) [13, 122]

Itch, IEM and PEPD (severe burning pain in rectum, eye and mandible)

Nav1.8

Small diameter sensory neurons

Increase [62, 66,67,68, 111, 112, 115]

Increase [52, 66, 74, 113,114,115]

Decrease [37, 73, 106]

No change (Latent) [122]

MS and cardiac arrhythmias

Nav1.9

Small diameter DRG

Increase [52, 66, 68, 74, 118,119,120,121]

Decrease [37]

No change [62, 67]

No change [118,119,120]

N/A

Itch