Table 1 The therapeutic effects of quercetin on various cancers
From: Quercetin and cancer: new insights into its therapeutic effects on ovarian cancer cells
Cancer | Type of quercetin | Mechanism(s) and Effect(s) | Dose(s) | Model | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gastric cancer (GC) | Quercetin | Antimetastatic effects on GC Cells via interruption of uPA/uPAR Function by Modulating NF-κb, PKC-δ, ERK1/2, and AMPKα | 10 μM | Human, in vitro | [65] |
Quercetin | Suppresses the growth of human GC stem cells by provoking mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis by the repression of PI3K/Akt signaling | 20 µM | In vitro | [120] | |
Q1 isolated from Polygonum capitatum (PC) | Modulation of apoptosis rate of GC cells via controlling the levels of p38MAPK, BCL-2 and BAX genes | 10 μg/mL, 64 μg/mL | In vitro, in vivo | [121] | |
Breast cancer (BC) | Q1 targeted via phenyl boronic acid and zinc oxide nanoparticles (PBA-ZnO-Q) | Induced apoptotic cell death in BC cells via intensified combinatorial ROS(oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage) | 8 μg/mL, 10 mg/kg | In vitro, in vivo | [122] |
Quercetin | Induced the expressions of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 and represses the proliferation and invasion activities by overexpression of miR-146a | 80 µm/mL | In vitro, in vivo | [123] | |
Quercetin | Represses BC stem cells (CD44+/CD24−) by restraining the PI3K/Akt/mTOR-signaling pathway | 50 μM | In vitro, in vivo | [13] | |
Colorectal cancer (CRC) | Quercetin | Promoted apoptosis in KRAS-mutant CRC cells via activation of JNK signaling pathways and repression of the AKT pathway | 100 µM | In vitro | [17] |
Quercetin | Promote 5-fluorouracil-induced apoptosis in MSI CRC cells via p53 regulation | 1 µM, 100 µM | In vitro | [124] | |
Quercetin | Provokes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in stem cells of human colorectal HT29 cancer cell line, improves anticancer effects of doxorubicin | 75 µM | In vitro | [125] | |
Oral cancer | Quercetin | Represses cell viability, migration and invasion through modulating miR-16/HOXA10 axis | 50 μM | Human, in vitro | [126] |
Quercetin | Enhanced apoptosis in human oral cancer SAS cells by mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum-mediated signaling pathways | 40 µM | In vitro | [127] | |
Quercetin | Decreases tumor rate and provokes cancer-cell apoptosis via regulation of NF-κB signaling and its target genes Bcl-2 and Bax in the DMBA-induced hamster | 12.5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg | In vivo | [128] | |
Liver cancer | Gold-Q1 into poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles | Suppress liver cancer progression via repressing AP-2β/hTERT, impeding caspase/cyto-c pathway, inactivating NF-κB/COX-2 and preventing Akt/ERK1/2 signaling pathways | 30 µg/ml, 40 µg/ml, 50 µg/ml | In vitro, in vivo | [68] |
Quercetin | Have hepatoprotective activity versus bile duct ligation caused liver damage through decreasing of Rac1 and NADPH oxidase1 expression | 30Â mg/kg | In vivo | [129] | |
Quercetin | Decrease migration and invasion of HCCLM3 Cells by impeding the expression of p-Akt1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 | 20 μmol, 40 μmol, 60 μmol | In vitro | [130] | |
Prostate cancer (PCa) | Quercetin | Represses PCa via attenuating cell survival and frustrating anti-apoptotic pathways | 40 μM | In vitro | [69] |
Quercetin | Midkine decreasing lead to increases the effectiveness of Q1 on PCa stem cell survival and migration via PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK pathway | 29 μM, 35 μM | In vitro | [131] | |
Quercetin | Converts the doxorubicin resistance of PCa cells via targeting the c-met/PI3K/AKT pathway | 10 μM | In vitro | [132] | |
Thyroid cancer | Quercetin | Decreases cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis through caspase activation and downregulation of Hsp90 expression | 10 μM, 5 μM | In vitro | [59] |
Quercetin | Promotes activator protein1(AP1)activation in FRTL-5 thyroid cells | 10 μM | In vitro | [73] | |
Hyaluronic acid hydrogel loaded with Q1 | Anti-inflammatory action by evaluating IL-4, IL-10, IL-8, IL-1a, and TNFα cellular secretion | 2.8 mg/ml, 4.2 mg/ml, 8.4 mg/ml | In vitro | [133] | |
Hematological malignancies | Quercetin | Enhances the effect of TRAIL-induced apoptosis in KG-1 cells, increased the expression level of DR genes including DR4 and DR5, reducing expression of p65 and c-IAP1, c-IAP2, and XIAP | 100 µM | In vitro | [83] |
Quercetin | Provokes apoptosis, cell cycle, and autophagy by decreasing expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, BCL-2, BCL-XL and MCL-1 and increasing expression of BAX, activation of caspase-3, G1 phase cell cycle arrest and inducing conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II | 120Â mg/kg | In vitro, in vivo | [134] | |
Quercetin | Promotes apoptosis and autophagy in primary effusion lymphoma cells via repressing PI3K/AKT/mTOR and STAT3 signaling pathways | 50 μM | In vitro | [135] | |
Lung cancer | Quercetin | An antiproliferative and antimetastatic effect on A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells via the impact on the cytoskeleton | 74 μM | In vitro | [136] |
Quercetin | Represses the metastatic capacity of lung cancer via suppressing, Snail-dependent Akt activation and Snail-independent ADAM9 expression pathways | 10μM, 50 μM | In vitro, in vivo | [137] | |
Quercetin | Promotes apoptosis in the lung cancer via modulation of p53 posttranslational modifications | 100Â mg/kg | In vivo | [138] | |
Pancreatic cancer | Quercetin | Induced miR-200b-3p expression and consequently lead to modulate the form of self-renewing divisions in pancreatic cancer | 50 μM | In vitro | [70] |
Quercetin | Overexpression of microRNA let-7c and suppress pancreatic cancer progression via activation of Numbl | 50 μM | In vivo, in vitro | [95] | |
Quercetin | Promoted TRAIL-induced apoptosis through JNK activation-mediated cFLIP turnover | 30 μM, 60 μM, 90 μM | In vitro | [96] |