Fig. 4

Inhibitory effects of pantoprazole on STAT3 activity, cellular migration, and invasion are attenuated by phosphatase inhibitor. a Western blot after 48 h of treatment with pantoprazole at 160 μg/ml with or without pretreatment with 50 nM pervanadate. b Matrigel invasion assay. Upper panel: representative images of assay. Black bar indicates 50 μm. Lower panel: Comparison of invading cells. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Cell counting was performed in five randomly selected separate areas under ×20 magnification. *P < 0.05, compared with control; ^#P < 0.05, compared with pantoprazole at 160 μg/ml (n = 5). c Wound closure assay. Upper panel: representative images of assay. Black bar indicates 500 μm. Lower panel: Comparison of vertical wound distance. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. All experiments were performed in triplicates. *P < 0.05, compared with control; ^#P < 0.05, compared with pantoprazole at 160 μg/ml (n = 3). d 3-D culture spheroid cell invasion assay. Upper panel: representative images of 3-D culture spheroid invasion assay. Black bar indicates 200 μm. Lower panel: comparison of area of spheroids. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. All experiments were performed in triplicates. *P < 0.05, compared with control; ^#P < 0.05, compared with pantoprazole at 40 μg/ml (n = 3). PPZ, pantoprazole; PV, pervanadate