From: Embryonic stem cells shed new light on the developmental roles of p53
Anomalies | Stage | Stress | Background | Molecular | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  |  |  | mechanism |  |
Implantation failure | Pre-implantation | Physiological | C57BL/6Â J (more severe), 129/Sv and Mix | p53 regulates Lif | Hu, et al., Nature, 2007 |
Exencephaly | Embryonic | Physiological | 129 (more severe), C57BL/6 | Unclear | Armstrong, et al., Curr. Biol., 1995; Sah, et al., Nature Genetics, 1995 |
Renal hypoplasia | Embryonic | Physiological | C57BL/6 | p53 regulates Pax2 | Saifudeen, et al., Plos One, 2012 |
Polydactyly, megadactyly | Fetuses | X-ray | 129/SvJ | Unclear | Norimura, et al., Nature Medicine, 1996 |
Tail anomaly | Fetuses | X-ray | 129/SvJ | Unclear | Norimura, et al., Nature Medicine, 1996 |
Muscle | Adult | Physiological | Unknown | Unclear | Molchadsky, et al., Plos One, 2008 |
Testis | Adult | Physiological | 129 (100% penetrance), C57BL/6X129 mix background is normal | Unclear | Rotter, et al., PNAS, 1993 |